View source for Understanding Futures Expiry Dates

= Understanding Futures Expiry Dates and Basic Hedging for Beginners =

Welcome to trading. This guide focuses on understanding how [[Futures contract]] expiry dates work and introduces simple, practical ways beginners can use futures contracts to manage risk on assets they already hold in the [[Spot market]]. The main takeaway for beginners is that futures are tools for managing risk (hedging) or speculating; they are not required for holding crypto. Start small, use low leverage, and prioritize protecting your existing [[Spot Holdings Risk Management Basics]].

== What is Futures Expiry? ==

A [[Futures contract]] is an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a specific date in the future. Unlike perpetual contracts, standard futures contracts have a set expiration date.

When a futures contract expires, the contract settles. For perpetual futures, this concept is replaced by the [[Understanding Funding Rates in Futures]], which keeps the price close to the spot price. For traditional futures (like quarterly contracts), settlement occurs on the expiry date.

*   **Expiration Cycle**: Common cycles are monthly or quarterly. You must close your position or allow it to settle before the expiry date if you do not want to hold the underlying asset upon settlement.
*   **Settlement**: Most crypto futures contracts settle in cash (usually in USDT or USDC). If you hold a long position at expiry, you receive the difference between the contract price and the settlement price.
*   **Rolling Positions**: If you want to maintain a position past the expiry date, you must close your expiring contract and simultaneously open a new contract with a later expiry date—this is called "rolling" the position. This action involves transaction costs and potential price differences, which is detailed in [[Fees and Slippage in Futures Trading]].

== Practical Steps for Partial Hedging Your Spot Holdings ==

For beginners, the most practical initial use of futures is [[When to Use Futures to Protect Spot]], specifically using [[Partial Hedging Strategy for Beginners]]. Partial hedging means you only protect a fraction of your spot holdings, reducing overall risk exposure without completely eliminating potential upside.

1.  **Assess Your Spot Holdings**: Determine the exact amount of the asset you wish to protect. For example, you hold 1 BTC in your [[Spot market]].
2.  **Determine Hedge Ratio**: Decide what percentage of your spot holding you want to hedge. A conservative start is 25% or 50%. If you hedge 50%, you are protecting half your BTC value.
3.  **Select the Appropriate Contract**: Choose a futures contract that matches the asset (e.g., BTC futures for BTC spot holdings). Ensure you are looking at the contract that is furthest out in time if you plan to hold the hedge for a while, to avoid frequent rolling fees. Reviewing [[Beginner Guide to Futures Contract Types]] is essential here.
4.  **Calculate Position Size**: If you hold 1 BTC and want to partially hedge 50% (0.5 BTC equivalent), you would open a short futures position worth 0.5 BTC.
5.  **Use Low Leverage**: Crucially, never use high leverage for hedging. Leverage magnifies both gains and losses. For hedging, leverage should ideally be 1x, or very low (e.g., 2x or 3x), just enough to manage the position size efficiently without risking significant [[Calculating Required Collateral for Futures]].

A partial hedge reduces variance. If the price drops, your futures gains offset some spot losses. If the price rises, your spot gains are slightly reduced by futures losses, but you still benefit overall. This method helps with [[Balancing Spot Assets with Futures Positions]].

== Using Technical Indicators for Timing Entries and Exits ==

While hedging can be done passively, timing the entry or exit of a speculative futures trade—or adjusting your hedge ratio—often involves looking at market signals. Be cautious: indicators are tools for analysis, not crystal balls. Always look for [[Confluence in Indicator Signals]].

=== Relative Strength Index (RSI) ===

The [[RSI]] measures the speed and change of price movements, oscillating between 0 and 100.

*   **Overbought/Oversold**: Readings above 70 often suggest an asset is overbought, potentially signaling a short entry opportunity or a time to reduce a long position. Readings below 30 suggest oversold conditions, good for potential long entries.
*   **Context is Key**: Do not trade solely on these levels. In a strong uptrend, the RSI can stay above 70 for long periods. Always use [[Combining RSI with Trend Analysis]]. Reviewing [[Interpreting RSI Overbought Levels]] provides deeper context.

=== Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) ===

The [[MACD]] helps identify momentum shifts. It consists of two lines and a histogram.

*   **Crossovers**: A bullish signal occurs when the MACD line crosses above the signal line. A bearish signal is the reverse.
*   **Momentum**: The histogram shows the distance between the two lines. Growing histogram bars indicate increasing momentum in that direction. Be aware that crossovers can lag the true price move, which is why [[Using Moving Averages with MACD]] is often recommended for confirmation.

=== Bollinger Bands ===

[[Bollinger Bands]] consist of a middle moving average and two outer bands representing standard deviations from that average. They measure volatility.

*   **Volatility Envelope**: When the price touches or breaks the outer bands, it suggests the price is relatively high or low compared to recent volatility. A common beginner mistake is assuming a touch of the upper band immediately means "sell." This is often an [[Identifying False Signals in Indicators]] scenario.
*   **Squeeze**: When the bands contract tightly, it often precedes a period of high volatility.

Remember that indicators can provide false signals, especially in choppy markets. Always combine them with risk management, such as [[Setting Stop Losses on Futures Trades]].

== Risk Management and Trading Psychology ==

Trading futures, especially when using leverage, introduces significant risks that spot trading does not carry, primarily [[Liquidation risk with leverage]].

=== Critical Risk Notes ===

*   **Leverage**: Never use leverage you are not prepared to lose entirely. High leverage dramatically increases the speed at which your [[Understanding Your Initial Margin Requirement]] can be depleted. Stick to low leverage (e.g., 5x maximum for beginners) until you fully understand position sizing.
*   **Fees and Slippage**: Every trade incurs fees. When rolling contracts or holding positions, [[Futures Trading Fee Structure Review]] is necessary to calculate true profitability.
*   **Stop Losses**: A stop-loss order is essential. It automatically closes your trade if the price moves against you by a predetermined amount. This is your primary defense against large losses. Learn more in [[Setting Stop Losses on Futures Trades]].

=== Psychological Pitfalls ===

Market movements trigger strong emotions that lead to poor decisions.

*   **FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)**: Seeing a rapid price increase can trigger impulsive buying, often entering at the top. This is a major driver behind [[Managing Fear of Missing Out in Crypto]].
*   **Revenge Trading**: After a small loss, traders often immediately enter a larger, riskier trade to "win back" the money lost. This is highly destructive.
*   **Overleverage**: Feeling overly confident after a few wins can lead to increasing leverage unnecessarily, which drastically narrows your margin for error. Always review your [[Avoiding Overleveraging Your Position]].

To combat these, maintain a strict trading plan. Before entering any trade, define your entry, exit (take profit), and stop-loss levels. Afterward, document your rationale, as detailed in [[Documenting Trade Rationale and Results]].

== Practical Sizing Example ==

Let us look at a simple scenario using a hypothetical BTC price where you hold 1 BTC in the spot market and wish to execute a partial hedge using a short futures contract.

Assume: Current BTC Spot Price = $60,000. You hold 1 BTC. You decide to hedge 30% (0.3 BTC equivalent).

{| class="wikitable"
! Parameter !! Value
|-
| Spot Holding || 1 BTC
|-
| Hedge Target Percentage || 30% (0.3 BTC)
|-
| Futures Contract Used || Quarterly BTC Future
|-
| Leverage for Hedge || 2x
|-
| Short Futures Position Size || 0.3 BTC equivalent
|}

If the price drops to $54,000 (a 10% drop):

1.  **Spot Loss**: 1 BTC * 10% loss = $6,000 loss.
2.  **Futures Gain**: The short position gains approximately 10% on its notional value (0.3 BTC). Gain ≈ $1,800.
3.  **Net Loss**: $6,000 (Spot Loss) - $1,800 (Futures Gain) = $4,200 Net Loss.

If you had done no hedging, your loss would have been $6,000. The partial hedge reduced the impact of the drop by $1,800. This is the benefit of [[Simple Crypto Hedging for Spot Holders]]. If you were trading other assets, you might explore [[Altcoin Futures Trading]] similarly. For more complex analysis, see [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=BTC%2FUSDT_Futures_Trading_Analysis_-_26_06_2025 BTC/USDT Futures Trading Analysis - 26 06 2025]. Understanding how these contracts behave over time is crucial, as discussed in [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=The_Ultimate_Beginner%27s_Handbook_to_Crypto_Futures_in_2024 The Ultimate Beginner's Handbook to Crypto Futures in 2024].

Remember that futures expiry dates dictate when you must act on your contract. For beginners, focusing on low-leverage hedging first is the safest path to integrating futures tools into your overall [[Identifying False Signals in Indicators]] strategy.

== See also (on this site) ==
* [[Spot Holdings Risk Management Basics]]
* [[Balancing Spot Assets with Futures Positions]]
* [[Simple Crypto Hedging for Spot Holders]]
* [[Understanding Your Initial Margin Requirement]]
* [[Setting Stop Losses on Futures Trades]]
* [[Partial Hedging Strategy for Beginners]]
* [[When to Use Futures to Protect Spot]]
* [[Beginner Guide to Futures Contract Types]]
* [[Calculating Required Collateral for Futures]]
* [[Fees and Slippage in Futures Trading]]
* [[Avoiding Overleveraging Your Position]]
* [[The Danger of High Leverage Ratios]]

== Recommended articles ==
* [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=BTC%2FUSDT_Futures_Trading_Analysis_-_29_09_2025 BTC/USDT Futures Trading Analysis - 29 09 2025]
* [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=The_Role_of_Pandemics_in_Futures_Markets The Role of Pandemics in Futures Markets]
* [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD_Futures_BTC%2FUSDT_%E2%80%93_12_%CE%99%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_2025 Ανάλυση Διαπραγμάτευσης Συμβολαίων Futures BTC/USDT – 12 Ιανουαρίου 2025]
* [https://cryptofutures.trading/index.php?title=Understanding_Contango_and_Open_Interest%3A_Essential_Tools_for_Analyzing_Cryptocurrency_Futures_Markets Understanding Contango and Open Interest: Essential Tools for Analyzing Cryptocurrency Futures Markets]
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[[Category:Crypto Spot & Futures Basics]]

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